Chronic sinusitis is a condition that significantly affects the quality of life, as it causes prolonged inflammation in the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses for more than 12 weeks. Proper diagnosis and appropriate treatment are vital to treat symptoms and restore nasal function.
Chronic sinusitis is inflammation of the mucosa lining the paranasal sinuses. It can affect one or more sinuses (sinus, frontal, wedge-shaped, ethmoid) and is divided into two main types:
1. Without nasal polyps: Most common form, usually associated with bacterial infections or allergies.
2. With nasal polyps: It occurs in the presence of polyps that clog the nasal cavities.
• Allergies: Like allergic rhinitis, which causes chronic inflammation.
• Infections: Frequent viral or bacterial infections that do not heal completely.
• Anatomical anomalies: Scoliosis of the nasal septum
• Cystic fibrosis: A genetic condition that affects mucus production in the respiratory system.
• Immune disorders: Patients with a weakened immune system are more vulnerable.
• Irritating factors: Exposure to pollutants, cigarette smoke or chemicals.
• Persistent nasal congestion and shortness of breath.
• Purulent discharge from the nose or in the back of the throat.
• Pressure or pain on the face, especially around the eyes and forehead.
• Decreased or lost sense of smell.
• Cough, often worse at night.
1. Download history: Examination of symptoms and their duration.
2. Nose endoscopy: A painless examination that allows direct examination of the nasal cavities.
3. Imaging tests: Computed tomography (CT) to identify obstruction or anatomical abnormalities.
4. Allergic tests: To investigate possible allergies that contribute to the symptoms.
Treatment of chronic sinusitis is aimed at relieving symptoms, reducing inflammation and restoring normal function of the nose and sinuses.
1. Medication
• Nasal corticosteroids: They reduce inflammation and are particularly effective for polyps in some patients.
• Antibiotics: They are administered in cases of bacterial infection, but their use is limited only when absolutely necessary.
• Antihistamines: To treat allergies that aggravate inflammation.
• Saline solutions: Nasal washes with saline to remove secretions.
• Immunotherapy: It is indicated for patients with bronchial asthma associated with sinusitis with nasal polyps.
2. Surgical intervention
• FESS-Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: In severe cases that do not respond to drug therapy, surgery allows the opening of the sinuses, the removal of polyps and the correction of anatomical abnormalities such as scoliosis of the nasal septum.
3. Prevention of relapses
• Regular use of nasal washes with saline.
• Avoid smoke, pollutants and irritants.
• Treat allergies with appropriate treatment.
If your symptoms persist for more than 12 weeks, despite using simple treatment methods, it is important to consult an otolaryngologist. Early diagnosis and proper treatment can prevent serious complications.
Chronic sinusitis is a complex condition that requires an individualized therapeutic approach. From medication to modern surgical techniques, treatment options offer symptom relief and restore nose function.
