EFFECTS OF SLEEP APNEA ON HEALTH

Sleep apnea is a serious, but often underestimated sleep disorder that affects many people worldwide. It is characterized by repeated interruptions of breathing during sleep, which can lead to a number of health problems, significantly affecting the quality of life. Because these interruptions often go unnoticed, the condition can go undiagnosed for years. However, the consequences of untreated sleep apnoea can be serious, causing cardiovascular problems, daytime fatigue, impaired cognitive function, and even an increased risk for chronic diseases such as diabetes.

By understanding the health implications and how an otolaryngologist can help manage this condition, patients can have better sleep quality and overall health.

‍

What Is It?

It is a disorder in which a personexperiences short periods of stopping or reducing breathing while sleeping. These interruptions can last from a few seconds to over a minute and can happen dozens or even hundreds of times overnight.

The most common form is obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), which occurs when the pharyngeal muscles relax excessively during sleep, causing a blockage of the airway. Other less common forms include central sleep apnea, where the brain does not properly send signals to the muscles that control breathing.

For most people, sleep apnea is a chronic condition that requires long-term management. It affects people of all ages, but is more common in middle-aged men, particularly those who are overweight or have anatomical problems in the airway.

‍

Causes and Risk Factors

1. Obesity: Excess weight, especially around the neck, can increase pressure on the airways, causing them to collapse during sleep.
2. Age: Over time, the tone of the muscles of the neck decreases, making the airways more vulnerable to obstruction.
3. Gender: Men are more likely to develop sleep apnea, although postmenopausal women are also at increased risk.
4. Other anatomical problems: Hypertrophy of the tonsils and scoliosis of the nasal septum can also cause sleep apnea.

‍

Symptoms

• Frequent awakenings during sleep
• Loud snoring
• Excessive daytime sleepiness
• Morning headaches
• Dry mouth or sore throat upon waking

‍

The Risks of Untreated Sleep Apnea

• Cardiovascular Problems: Increased risk of hypertension, heart disease and strokes.
• Impaired Cognitive Function: It affects memory and the ability to concentrate.
• Diabetes: Apnea can affect the regulation of blood sugar.
• Mental Health: Anxiety and depression.
• Increased Risk of Accidents: Excessive sleepiness can cause accidents

‍

Diagnosis and Therapeutic Approach

1. Diagnostics: Medical history, sleep study.
2. Treatment Options:
   • Lifestyle Changes
   • Surgical Interventions such as tonsil removal, pharyngoplasty, nasal septum plastic.
   • CPAP Machines to provide continuous air flow;

Conclusion

Sleep apnea is serious, but manageable. If you suspect that you suffer from sleep apnea, consult an otolaryngologist for early diagnosis and treatment.

‍