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Snoring in children is a common phenomenon, which can be caused by many factors, from simple causes, such as a viral infection, to more serious conditions, such as sleep apnea. Although often considered innocent, snoring can affect a child's sleep quality, behavior and development.
Snoring is the sound produced when air passes through narrowed airways during sleep. While occasional snoring is not a cause for concern, frequent or persistent snoring in the presence of apnea can indicate problems, including:
• Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA): A disorder in which breathing stops temporarily due to airway obstruction.
• Nasopharyngeal obstruction: Obstruction in the nasal cavity or pharynx, affecting the free flow of air.
1. Tonsil and Adenoid Hyperplasia
• Enlarged tonsils and adenoids are the most common cause of snoring in children. Their inflammation or hypertrophy causes narrowing of the airways, especially at night.
2. Allergies and rhinitis
• Allergies cause swelling of the nasal mucosa and increased mucus production, leading to nasal congestion and difficulty breathing.
3. Obesity
• Excess weight increases adipose tissue around the neck, reducing the diameter of the airways.
4. Anatomical anomalies
• Scoliosis of the nasal septum or microjaw (small lower jaw) can cause snoring.
5. Upper Respiratory Infections
• Infections, such as colds or flu, lead to temporary congestion that causes snoring.
It is important to monitor the characteristics of your child's snoring. Seek medical advice if you notice:
• Frequent or intense snoring: Occurring at least 3 times a week.
• Breathing interruptions: Stopping breathing during sleep.
• Symptoms of sleep apnea: Such as restless sleep, excessive daytime fatigue, difficulty concentrating and irritability.
• Anomalies in development: Low school performance, behavioral disorders or developmental problems.
Diagnosis begins with a detailed history and clinical examination. Depending on the case, they may need:
1. Endoscopy of the nose and pharynx: For the evaluation of tonsils and adenoid outgrowths.
2. Sleep Study:It records the child's sleep patterns, oxygenation, and breathing to diagnose sleep apnea.
3. Radiological examination: Such as computed tomography or X-ray, if anatomical abnormalities are suspected.
Treatment depends on the cause of snoring and its severity.
1. Medication
• Antihistamines or decongestants: For the treatment of allergies or nasal congestion.
• Corticosteroids in spray form: To reduce inflammation in the nasal cavities.
2. Surgical treatment
• Adenotomy and tonsillectomy: Removal of swollen adenoids or tonsils is often the solution for chronic snoring associated with obstruction.
3. Lifestyle adjustments
• Weight loss: For children who are overweight, losing pounds can reduce snoring.
• Change of sleeping position: Sleeping on your side can improve air flow.
Chronic snoring can interfere with the child's daily routine, causing problems with sleep, concentration and mood. In severe cases, it can lead to long-term health problems, such as hypertension and metabolic disorders.
Snoring in children should not be ignored, especially when it is frequent or accompanied by other symptoms. Early diagnosis and treatment can ensure quality sleep and healthy development.
